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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive compounds, which is making them very dangerous in certain situations. They are mostly formed from O2 molecules in the mitochondrial electron transport chain1. When O2 molecules become reactive species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or superoxide (O2–), they might be counted as stable compounds. Unfortunately, they might become […]
Reactive Oxygen Species and Lipid Peroxidation Read More »
Since scientists discovered a sleep stage called REM, their research and examination of this sleeping stage brought our minds some questions like “Does REM sleep affects our creativity?” or “Is this true that REM sleep provides realistic dreams?”. So here we are to understand better this REM sleep stage and how it works to know
Rem Sleeping, Dreaming, And Creativity Read More »
The first way to protect host cells from infectious agents is the activities of our immune system which requires highly complex interactions between cells and molecules. When the immune system recognizes the auto-antigens in our molecules as a result of inadequate tolerance, it recognizes them as harmful to us and starts to destroy our own
Autoimmune Diseases Read More »
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most encountered irreversible neurogenerative diseases 1. However its complicated pathogenicity is not well-understood, amyloid-beta (Aβ) dysmetabolism, formation of extracellular Aβ deposits, presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NT), and neurodegeneration (ND) in the hippocampus and neocortex are involved in main processes in AD 2 3 4. Existence of the
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION Read More »
The term ‘desert’ comes from the Ecclesiastical Latin ‘dēsertum’1 which means ‘an abandoned place’, but actually the term has not always been used in the way we use it now2. For example, “Desert Islands” has not used to mean a desert like the Sahara or Antarctic3. Before the 20th century, it simply meant “unpopulated area”