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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating psychopathological consequence seen in some individuals who experience terrible traumatic events such as personal assaults, life-threatening accidents, sexual abuse or natural disasters etc. 1,2. The progression of PTSD is caused by characteristics of major traumatic events 3. In the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual […]
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While sunbathing, walking, cooking, and swimming, the most significant organ in direct contact is the skin. It is equipped with a specific structure that protects against various dangers. Skin is divided into 3 layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. According to the function, the skin has been tasked with issues such as protection from harmful rays,
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Considering the two most common types of diseases caused by mRNA activity, one of them is virus-related and the other is cancer-related1. These diseases cause viral or abnormal proteins to be encoded by mRNA1. For instance, some ORFs found in coronaviruses encode viral structural proteins2. After viral cells enter the body, they undergo RNA translation
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Lactose is a sugar, a disaccharide carbohydrate in most mammals’ milk (except California sea lions and hooded seals) that the body digests using a substance. This substance, called ‘lactase’, breaks down the lactose into two sugars called ‘glucose’ and ‘galactose’ so the body can absorb it quickly into the bloodstream. To be able to digest
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Tortoises are an order of reptiles referred to as Testudines, characterized by a shell developed primarily from their ribs [1]. There are 360 living and recently extinct species of turtles, including land turtles and freshwater turtles. There are seven species of sea turtles living in the world, and five of those species are seen in
Shell Deformation In Aquatic Turtles Read More »