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While sunbathing, walking, cooking, and swimming, the most significant organ in direct contact is the skin. It is equipped with a specific structure that protects against various dangers. Skin is divided into 3 layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. According to the function, the skin has been tasked with issues such as protection from harmful rays, […]
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Considering the two most common types of diseases caused by mRNA activity, one of them is virus-related and the other is cancer-related1. These diseases cause viral or abnormal proteins to be encoded by mRNA1. For instance, some ORFs found in coronaviruses encode viral structural proteins2. After viral cells enter the body, they undergo RNA translation
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Lactose is a sugar, a disaccharide carbohydrate in most mammals’ milk (except California sea lions and hooded seals) that the body digests using a substance. This substance, called ‘lactase’, breaks down the lactose into two sugars called ‘glucose’ and ‘galactose’ so the body can absorb it quickly into the bloodstream. To be able to digest
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Tortoises are an order of reptiles referred to as Testudines, characterized by a shell developed primarily from their ribs [1]. There are 360 living and recently extinct species of turtles, including land turtles and freshwater turtles. There are seven species of sea turtles living in the world, and five of those species are seen in
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In shaman culture, the shamanists were used to build a fire, make some music, and use herbs that have psychedelic chemicals inside them. At a time like this, they were used to seeing colours as musical notes or rhythm. As some chemicals trigger these multiple sensations, they can occur on their own. Richard Feynman, Nikola